using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;

// === ENTRY POINT ===
class Program {
    static int Main(string[] args) {
        if (args.Length < 2) {
            Console.WriteLine("Usage: StEmitter <input.st> <output.bin>");
            return 1;
        }

        var input = File.ReadAllText(args[0]);
        var parser = new StParser(input);
        var prog = parser.ParseProgram();
        var emitter = new BytecodeEmitter();
        emitter.Compile(prog);
        File.WriteAllBytes(args[1], emitter.BuildBinary());
        Console.WriteLine($"Wrote {args[1]}: consts={emitter.ConstantsCount}, vars={emitter.VarCount}, code={emitter.CodeLength}");
        return 0;
    }
}

// === AST ===
public enum VarType { Int8=1, Int16=2, Int32=3, Byte=4, Bool=5 }
public abstract class StNode{}
public class ProgramNode:StNode{ public List<VarDecl> Vars=new(); public List<Stmt> Stmts=new(); }
public class VarDecl:StNode{ public string Name; public VarType Type; public Expr? Init; }

public abstract class Stmt:StNode{}
public class AssignStmt:Stmt{ public string Target; public Expr Expr; }
public class IfStmt:Stmt{ public Expr Cond; public List<Stmt> ThenStmts=new(); public List<Stmt> ElseStmts=new(); }
public class WhileStmt:Stmt{ public Expr Cond; public List<Stmt> Body=new(); }
public class ForStmt:Stmt{ public string Var; public Expr Start, End, Step = new IntExpr(1); public List<Stmt> Body=new(); }

public abstract class Expr:StNode{}
public class IntExpr:Expr{ public int Value; public IntExpr(int v){Value=v;} }
public class VarExpr:Expr{ public string Name; public VarExpr(string n){Name=n;} }
public class BinaryExpr:Expr{ public Expr L; public Expr R; public TokType Op; public BinaryExpr(Expr l,TokType op,Expr r){L=l;Op=op;R=r;} }

// === TOKENIZER ===
public enum TokType {
    IDENT, INT, ASSIGN, SEMI, LPAREN, RPAREN,
    PLUS, MINUS, MUL, DIV,
    LT, GT, LE, GE, EQ, NEQ,
    IF, THEN, ELSE, END_IF,
    WHILE, DO, END_WHILE,
    FOR, TO, BY, END_FOR,
    PROGRAM, VAR, END_VAR, END_PROGRAM,
    EOF
}
public class Token{ public TokType Type; public string Text; public Token(TokType t,string s){Type=t;Text=s;} }

public class StLexer {
    private readonly string src; private int i;
    public StLexer(string s){src=s;}
    char Peek()=> i<src.Length?src[i]:'\0';
    char Next()=> i<src.Length?src[i++]:'\0';

    public Token NextToken() {
        while (char.IsWhiteSpace(Peek())) Next();
        if (Peek()=='\0') return new Token(TokType.EOF,"");

        if (char.IsLetter(Peek())||Peek()=='_'){
            var sb=new StringBuilder();
            while (char.IsLetterOrDigit(Peek())||Peek()=='_') sb.Append(Next());
            var s=sb.ToString().ToUpperInvariant();
            return s switch {
                "PROGRAM"=>new Token(TokType.PROGRAM,s),
                "VAR"=>new Token(TokType.VAR,s),
                "END_VAR"=>new Token(TokType.END_VAR,s),
                "END_PROGRAM"=>new Token(TokType.END_PROGRAM,s),
                "IF"=>new Token(TokType.IF,s),
                "THEN"=>new Token(TokType.THEN,s),
                "ELSE"=>new Token(TokType.ELSE,s),
                "END_IF"=>new Token(TokType.END_IF,s),
                "WHILE"=>new Token(TokType.WHILE,s),
                "DO"=>new Token(TokType.DO,s),
                "END_WHILE"=>new Token(TokType.END_WHILE,s),
                "FOR"=>new Token(TokType.FOR,s),
                "TO"=>new Token(TokType.TO,s),
                "BY"=>new Token(TokType.BY,s),
                "END_FOR"=>new Token(TokType.END_FOR,s),
                _=>new Token(TokType.IDENT,s)
            };
        }

        if (char.IsDigit(Peek())) {
            var sb=new StringBuilder();
            while(char.IsDigit(Peek())) sb.Append(Next());
            return new Token(TokType.INT,sb.ToString());
        }

        if (Peek()==':'){ Next(); if(Peek()=='='){Next(); return new Token(TokType.ASSIGN,":=");} }
        if (Peek()=='<'){
            Next();
            if (Peek()=='='){Next(); return new Token(TokType.LE,"<=");}
            if (Peek()=='>'){Next(); return new Token(TokType.NEQ,"<>");}
            return new Token(TokType.LT,"<");
        }
        if (Peek()=='>'){
            Next();
            if (Peek()=='='){Next(); return new Token(TokType.GE,">=");}
            return new Token(TokType.GT,">");
        }
        if (Peek()=='='){Next();return new Token(TokType.EQ,"=");}

        char c=Next();
        return c switch {
            ';'=>new Token(TokType.SEMI,";"),
            '('=>new Token(TokType.LPAREN,"("),
            ')'=>new Token(TokType.RPAREN,")"),
            '+'=>new Token(TokType.PLUS,"+"),
            '-'=>new Token(TokType.MINUS,"-"),
            '*'=>new Token(TokType.MUL,"*"),
            '/'=>new Token(TokType.DIV,"/"),
            _=>throw new Exception($"Unexpected '{c}'")
        };
    }
}

// === PARSER ===
public class StParser {
    StLexer lex; Token cur;
    public StParser(string s){lex=new StLexer(s);cur=lex.NextToken();}
    void Next()=>cur=lex.NextToken();
    void Expect(TokType t){if(cur.Type!=t)throw new Exception($"Expected {t}, got {cur.Type}");Next();}

    public ProgramNode ParseProgram(){
        var p=new ProgramNode();
        Expect(TokType.PROGRAM);
        if(cur.Type==TokType.IDENT) Next();
        if(cur.Type==TokType.VAR){
            Next();
            while(cur.Type==TokType.IDENT) p.Vars.Add(ParseVarDecl());
            Expect(TokType.END_VAR);
        }
        while(cur.Type!=TokType.END_PROGRAM&&cur.Type!=TokType.EOF)
            p.Stmts.Add(ParseStmt());
        Expect(TokType.END_PROGRAM);
        return p;
    }

    VarDecl ParseVarDecl(){
        string name=cur.Text; Expect(TokType.IDENT);
        string tname=cur.Text.ToLowerInvariant(); Expect(TokType.IDENT);
        VarType vt=tname switch{
            "int8"=>VarType.Int8,"int16"=>VarType.Int16,"int32"=>VarType.Int32,"byte"=>VarType.Byte,"bool"=>VarType.Bool,
            _=>throw new Exception($"Unknown type {tname}")
        };
        Expr? init=null;
        if(cur.Type==TokType.ASSIGN){Next();init=ParseExpr();}
        Expect(TokType.SEMI);
        return new VarDecl{Name=name,Type=vt,Init=init};
    }

    Stmt ParseStmt(){
        if(cur.Type==TokType.IF) return ParseIf();
        if(cur.Type==TokType.WHILE) return ParseWhile();
        if(cur.Type==TokType.FOR) return ParseFor();
        if(cur.Type==TokType.IDENT){
            var n=cur.Text; Next(); Expect(TokType.ASSIGN);
            var e=ParseExpr(); Expect(TokType.SEMI);
            return new AssignStmt{Target=n,Expr=e};
        }
        throw new Exception($"Unexpected token {cur.Type} in stmt");
    }

    IfStmt ParseIf(){
        Next();
        var cond=ParseExpr(); Expect(TokType.THEN);
        var node=new IfStmt{Cond=cond};
        while(cur.Type!=TokType.ELSE&&cur.Type!=TokType.END_IF)
            node.ThenStmts.Add(ParseStmt());
        if(cur.Type==TokType.ELSE){
            Next();
            while(cur.Type!=TokType.END_IF)
                node.ElseStmts.Add(ParseStmt());
        }
        Expect(TokType.END_IF); Expect(TokType.SEMI);
        return node;
    }

    WhileStmt ParseWhile(){
        Next(); // WHILE
        var cond=ParseExpr(); Expect(TokType.DO);
        var ws=new WhileStmt{Cond=cond};
        while(cur.Type!=TokType.END_WHILE)
            ws.Body.Add(ParseStmt());
        Expect(TokType.END_WHILE); Expect(TokType.SEMI);
        return ws;
    }

    ForStmt ParseFor(){
        Next(); // FOR
        string varName = cur.Text; Expect(TokType.IDENT);
        Expect(TokType.ASSIGN);
        Expr start = ParseExpr();
        Expect(TokType.TO);
        Expr end = ParseExpr();
        Expr step = new IntExpr(1);
        if(cur.Type==TokType.BY){
            Next();
            step = ParseExpr();
        }
        Expect(TokType.DO);
        var fs = new ForStmt{Var=varName, Start=start, End=end, Step=step};
        while(cur.Type!=TokType.END_FOR)
            fs.Body.Add(ParseStmt());
        Expect(TokType.END_FOR); Expect(TokType.SEMI);
        return fs;
    }

    Expr ParseExpr()=>ParseCompare();
    Expr ParseCompare(){
        var l=ParseAddSub();
        while(cur.Type is TokType.LT or TokType.GT or TokType.LE or TokType.GE or TokType.EQ or TokType.NEQ){
            var op=cur.Type; Next();
            var r=ParseAddSub();
            l=new BinaryExpr(l,op,r);
        }
        return l;
    }
    Expr ParseAddSub(){
        var l=ParseMulDiv();
        while(cur.Type==TokType.PLUS||cur.Type==TokType.MINUS){
            var op=cur.Type;Next();var r=ParseMulDiv();l=new BinaryExpr(l,op,r);
        }
        return l;
    }
    Expr ParseMulDiv(){
        var l=ParsePrimary();
        while(cur.Type==TokType.MUL||cur.Type==TokType.DIV){
            var op=cur.Type;Next();var r=ParsePrimary();l=new BinaryExpr(l,op,r);
        }
        return l;
    }
    Expr ParsePrimary(){
        if(cur.Type==TokType.INT){int v=int.Parse(cur.Text);Next();return new IntExpr(v);}
        if(cur.Type==TokType.IDENT){string n=cur.Text;Next();return new VarExpr(n);}
        if(cur.Type==TokType.LPAREN){Next();var e=ParseExpr();Expect(TokType.RPAREN);return e;}
        throw new Exception($"Unexpected token {cur.Type}");
    }
}

// === BYTECODE ===
public class BytecodeEmitter {
    List<int> consts=new(); Dictionary<string,Symbol> syms=new(); List<byte> code=new();
    class Symbol{public string Name;public VarType Type;public int Index;}
    public int ConstantsCount=>consts.Count; public int VarCount=>syms.Count; public int CodeLength=>code.Count;

    public void Compile(ProgramNode p){
        int idx=0;
        foreach(var v in p.Vars)
            syms[v.Name]=new Symbol{Name=v.Name,Type=v.Type,Index=idx++};

        foreach(var v in p.Vars)
            if(v.Init!=null){EmitExpr(v.Init);EmitByte(0x03);EmitU16((ushort)syms[v.Name].Index);}

        foreach(var s in p.Stmts)
            EmitStmt(s);

        EmitByte(0xF0); // Program End
    }

    void EmitStmt(Stmt s){
        switch(s){
            case AssignStmt a:
                EmitExpr(a.Expr);
                EmitByte(0x03); EmitU16((ushort)syms[a.Target].Index);
                break;

            case IfStmt iff:
                EmitExpr(iff.Cond);
                EmitByte(0x20); int jz=code.Count; EmitU16(0);
                foreach(var st in iff.ThenStmts) EmitStmt(st);
                if(iff.ElseStmts.Count>0){
                    EmitByte(0x21); int jmp=code.Count; EmitU16(0);
                    PatchJump(jz,code.Count);
                    foreach(var st in iff.ElseStmts) EmitStmt(st);
                    PatchJump(jmp,code.Count);
                } else PatchJump(jz,code.Count);
                break;

            case WhileStmt w:
                int loopStart=code.Count;
                EmitExpr(w.Cond);
                EmitByte(0x20); int jzpos=code.Count; EmitU16(0);
                foreach(var st in w.Body) EmitStmt(st);
                EmitByte(0x21); EmitU16((ushort)loopStart);
                PatchJump(jzpos,code.Count);
                break;

            case ForStmt f:
                // Initialisierung: var := start
                EmitExpr(f.Start);
                EmitByte(0x03); EmitU16((ushort)syms[f.Var].Index);

                int cmpPos = code.Count;  // Position des Vergleichs
                EmitExpr(new VarExpr(f.Var));
                EmitExpr(f.End);
                EmitByte(0x16); // LE
                EmitByte(0x20); int jzFor = code.Count; EmitU16(0); // Jump zum Ende

                // Body
                foreach(var st in f.Body) EmitStmt(st);

                // Inkrement: i := i + step
                EmitExpr(new VarExpr(f.Var));
                EmitExpr(f.Step);
                EmitByte(0x10); // PLUS
                EmitByte(0x03); EmitU16((ushort)syms[f.Var].Index);

                // Vergleich erneut, aber wir merken uns den Sprung zum Vergleich
                EmitByte(0x21); EmitU16((ushort)cmpPos);

                // Patch Jump: Ende der Schleife springt hierhin
                PatchJump(jzFor, code.Count);

                // Korrektur: Schleifenvariable auf Endwert, falls sie überläuft
                EmitExpr(f.End);
                EmitByte(0x03); EmitU16((ushort)syms[f.Var].Index);
                break;

            default: throw new Exception($"Unknown stmt {s.GetType().Name}");
        }
    }

    void PatchJump(int pos,int target){code[pos]=(byte)(target&0xFF);code[pos+1]=(byte)(target>>8);}
    void EmitExpr(Expr e){
        switch(e){
            case IntExpr ie:
                int ci=AddConst(ie.Value);EmitByte(0x01);EmitU16((ushort)ci);break;
            case VarExpr ve:
                int vi=syms[ve.Name].Index;EmitByte(0x02);EmitU16((ushort)vi);break;
            case BinaryExpr be:
                EmitExpr(be.L);EmitExpr(be.R);
                EmitByte(be.Op switch{
                    TokType.PLUS=>0x10,TokType.MINUS=>0x11,TokType.MUL=>0x12,TokType.DIV=>0x13,
                    TokType.LT=>0x14,TokType.GT=>0x15,TokType.LE=>0x16,TokType.GE=>0x17,
                    TokType.EQ=>0x18,TokType.NEQ=>0x19,
                    _=>throw new Exception("bad op")
                }); break;
            default: throw new Exception("bad expr");
        }
    }

    int AddConst(int v){int i=consts.IndexOf(v);if(i>=0)return i;consts.Add(v);return consts.Count-1;}
    void EmitByte(byte b)=>code.Add(b);
    void EmitU16(ushort v){code.Add((byte)(v&0xFF));code.Add((byte)(v>>8));}
    public byte[] BuildBinary(){
        using var ms=new MemoryStream();var w=new BinaryWriter(ms);
        w.Write(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("STBC"));
        w.Write((ushort)1);
        w.Write((ushort)consts.Count);foreach(var c in consts)w.Write(c);
        w.Write((ushort)syms.Count);
        var types=new byte[syms.Count];foreach(var kv in syms)types[kv.Value.Index]=(byte)kv.Value.Type;
        foreach(var b in types)w.Write(b);
        w.Write((ushort)code.Count);w.Write(code.ToArray());
        return ms.ToArray();
    }
}